GOUT
GOUT
Gout is a type of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid in the blood, leading to the formation of sharp urate crystals in the joints. This result in sudden, severe pain, redness, swelling, and tenderness, usually in the big toe, but it can also affect other joints like the ankles, knees, and fingers. After the flare subsides, the joints return to the normal state of being painless and functional. Episodes then recur with a flare weeks later with very similar acute presentation. Repeated episodes over time causes damage to the joint unless prevented from happening.
- Causes of Gout:
- Symptoms of Gout:
- Diagnosis:
- Treatment:
- Lifestyle Changes:
Causes of Gout:
- High Uric Acid Levels: Uric acid forms when the body breaks down purines, which are found in certain foods and beverages.
- Diet: Red meat, seafood, alcohol (especially beer), and sugary drinks can increase uric acid.
- Genetics: A family history of gout increases the risk.
- Health Conditions: Obesity, diabetes, kidney disease, and hypertension can contribute.
- Medications: Diuretics, aspirin, and certain drugs for high blood pressure can raise uric acid levels.
Symptoms of Gout:
- Severe Joint Pain: Often starts suddenly, commonly in the big toe.
- Swelling & Redness: The affected joint becomes inflamed and warm.
- Limited Mobility: Movement can be extremely painful.
- Recurring Attacks: Gout can come and go, with flare-ups lasting days to weeks.
Diagnosis:
- Blood test: to check for inflammation and uric acid
- Imaging:
- Xray to look for any damage from repeated attacks
- Ultrasound can detect acute and chronic gout evidence
- CT dual energy also detects active gout
Treatment:
- Acute treatment aims at reducing the inflammation and pain:
- NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) for pain relief.
- Colchicine to reduce inflammation.
- Corticosteroids for severe cases in the form or injection, pills or infusion.
- Chronic treatment aims at lowering the uric acid and preventing episodic attacks:
- Uric acid-lowering drugs (allopurinol, febuxostat) for long-term management of recurrent attacks.
- Surgery:
- Occasionally uric acid deposits in the soft tissues (tophi) may need removing. Secondary degenerative arthritis of gout affected joints may also need surgery.
Lifestyle Changes:
- Drink plenty of water.
- Reduce alcohol and sugary drinks.
- Eat a balanced diet low in purines.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
Are you experiencing gout symptoms like severe joint pain, swelling, or redness? Book a consultation with our Rheumatology specialist today for expert guidance.
